Understanding Neurodiversity: A Guide to Supporting Neurodivergent People in Everyday Life

Neurodiversity is a concept that recognises and values the natural variations in how people think, learn, and experience the world. Just as we all have different personalities, skills and preferences, our brains also work in unique ways. Some people are neurodivergent, meaning they have conditions such as autism, ADHD, dyslexia, dyspraxia, or other neurological differences. These differences are not deficits; they are simply variations in how individuals process information, communicate and interact with their surroundings.

If you are neurotypical (meaning your brain functions in ways that are considered the norm by societal standards), you may find it helpful to understand how to better support neurodivergent individuals in your everyday life – whether at work, college, social settings or even within your own family.

1. Embrace Different Communication Styles

Neurodivergent people may communicate in ways that differ from what you’re used to. Some may be more direct, while others might struggle with social cues, eye contact or small talk. Instead of expecting them to adjust to your style, take the time to understand theirs.

• Be patient if someone takes longer to process and respond to conversations.
• Avoid assuming rudeness if someone speaks bluntly or prefers written communication over verbal.
• Offer clear, direct instructions if needed, rather than vague or implied requests.

2. Recognise Sensory Differences

Many neurodivergent individuals experience heightened or diminished sensitivity to sensory input, such as lights, sounds, textures or smells.

• Be mindful in environments that might be overwhelming, such as loud restaurants or brightly lit rooms.
• If someone expresses discomfort with certain stimuli, respect their needs without judgement.
• Understand that stimming (repetitive movements like tapping, rocking, or hand-flapping) can be a coping mechanism and doesn’t necessarily need to be stopped or corrected.

3. Be Flexible with Social Expectations

Social norms and unspoken rules can be challenging for neurodivergent individuals to navigate. Some may struggle with small talk, find group interactions exhausting, or prefer to engage in deeper, more meaningful conversations.

• Accept that some people may need time alone after socialising to recharge.
• Avoid pressuring someone to participate in activities that feel uncomfortable for them.
• Give space for different ways of expressing emotions and forming relationships.

4. Focus on Strengths, Not Just Challenges

Neurodivergence comes with unique strengths. Many neurodivergent people are highly creative, detail-oriented, analytical or exceptionally skilled in specific areas. Instead of focusing on perceived deficits, recognise and appreciate these strengths.

• Encourage their interests and talents rather than forcing them to conform to traditional ways of thinking.
• Create environments that allow neurodivergent individuals to work in ways that suit them best.
• Understand that problem-solving, innovation and creativity often thrive in neurodivergent minds.

5. Advocate for Inclusion and Accessibility

Small changes can make a big difference in making spaces more inclusive for neurodivergent individuals.

• Support flexible working or learning arrangements where possible.
• Provide options for communication, such as email instead of phone calls.
• Challenge stereotypes and speak up if you witness discrimination or exclusion.

6. Be Open to Learning

Every neurodivergent person is unique, so the best thing you can do is listen and learn. If someone shares their experiences or asks for accommodations, take them seriously. Avoid making assumptions, and instead, ask how you can support them in a way that feels right for them.

By making small adjustments and embracing neurodiversity, we can create a world where everyone, regardless of how their brain works, feels valued, understood, and able to thrive.